Recognize the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents and its common results. Managing the pain of primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhea, also known as dysmenorrhoea, painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. A manual examination of a womans reproductive organs. Sep 23, 2019 women with secondary dysmenorrhea may have pelvic pathology, though normal findings do not exclude the condition. Ocp, transdermal patch, vaginal ring progestinonly contraceptives may also be used prognosis, prevention, and complications for women who complete 3 months of nsaids andor hormonal therapy with no. Primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without organic disease, and secondary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain associated with an identifiable disease.
Secondary dysmenorrhea noun the noun secondary dysmenorrhea has 1 sense 1. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Diagnostic testing for secondary dysmenorrhoea may include ultrasound, hysterosalpingogram an xray examination of the uterus and uterine tubes following the injection of a radio opaque dye kasner and tindall, 1985, and a laparoscopy, which allows viewing of the abdominal cavity by the passing of an endoscope through the abdominal wall. If it is something structural, the condition is known as secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea advances in pathogenesis and management m. Yusoff dawood, md primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual cramps without any evident pathology to account for them, and it occurs in up to 50% of menstruating females and causes. Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea american. Primary dysmenorrhea usually lessens with time, particularly after childbirth. Dysmenor rhea also may be secondary to pelvic organ pathology. Primary dysmenorrhoea is very common, affecting more than half of all women at some stage. May, 2006 primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without organic disease, and secondary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain associated with an identifiable disease. It is excessive pain that is not considered normal for menstruation. Information and translations of secondary dysmenorrhea in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Secondary dysmenorrhea appears as a result of inflammatory processes, the development of tumors in the womans sex organs, version of the uterus, and so on. Conditions that can cause secondary dysmenorrhea include. Dysmenorrhea is defined as pain during the period, or menses. Onset of severe pain begins years after the onset of periods and is related to a physical cause. Secondary dysmenorrhea is often caused by abnormal tissue growth, infection, cysts, fibroids, or a small cervical opening. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual cramps. Dysmenorrhea is uterine pain around the time of menses. Menstrual pain from secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by a disease in the womans reproductive organs. Secondary dysmenorrhea definition of secondary dysmenorrhea.
The pain can precede the start of the period by several days and may last throughout the period. In secondary dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis uterine tissue that grows outside of the uterus, there will be less of this each month, and thus less pain. Dysmenorrhea can be classified as either primary or secondary based on the absence or presence of an underlying cause. Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea or nausea in young women, painful periods often occur without an underlying problem. Taking hormonal birth control pills can also help to reduce worsening of adenomyosis the condition where menstrual tissue grows into the muscle of the uterus.
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for menstrual cramps, which are caused by uterine contractions. Pdf dysmenorrhea and related disorders researchgate. Primary dysmenorrhea usually starts 1 to 2 years after your first period, but it may start earlier. Menstruallike cramping dysmenorrhea from an underlying condition. Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation.
The symptoms can be caused by excess hormone production. It has a 91% sensitivity and 98% specificity, a positive likelihood ratio of 30, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by specific imbalances in the womans endocrine system during the menstrual cycle. These conditions can present a challenge in developing an accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate plan of care. Pain tends to peak 24 hours after onset of menses and subside after 2 to 3 days. The pain is more severe than typical period pain and, although you can treat the symptoms, the best course of action is to treat the underlying cause. Presented at the joint meeting of the chicago gynecological society and the chicago psychosomatic forum, dec. It is characterized by crampy pelvic pain begin ning shortly before or at the onset of menses and lasting one to three days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Click, drag, and drop to reorder files or press delete to remove any content you dont want. Women with secondary dysmenorrhea may have pelvic pathology, though normal findings do not exclude the condition.
Secondary dysmenorrhoea occurs in association with some form of pelvic pathology. Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. Mar 01, 2014 dysmenorrhea, defined as painful cramps that occur with menstruation, is the most common gynecologic problem in women of all ages and races,1 and one of the most common causes of pelvic pain. Primary dysmenorrhoea is the term used for painful periods that have no known cause primary dysmenorrhoea is very common, affecting more than half of all women at some stage. When does the pain associated with secondary dysmenorrhea occur during the menstrual period. Secondary dysmenorrhea article about secondary dysmenorrhea. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. When there is secondary dysmenorrhea with an underlying condition contributing to the pain, the prognosis depends on the successful treatment of that underlying condition. You can merge pdfs or a mix of pdf documents and other files. Abnormal tissue growth, like with endometriosis and adenomyosis, where the tissue grows outside the uterus or into the uterine muscle causes pain during menstruation and leads to secondary dysmenorrhea. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of secondary dysmenorrhea is. Secondary dysmenorrhea is more likely to be associated with chronic pelvic pain, midcycle pain, dyspareunia, and metrorrhagia. The symptoms tend to only last 12 days and are thought to be caused by prostaglandins, hormone.
Stoeltinggettelfinger w j am acad nurse pract 2010 oct. Dysmenorrhea is a term describing painful menstruation that typically involves cramps caused by uterine contractions. From the department of obstetrics and gynecology, university of illinois, chicago, ill. Definition of secondary dysmenorrhea in the dictionary. Dysmenorrhea is commonly categorized into two types. For some women, this pain is severe and limits normal activities. List the mediators of uterine pain and contractions believed to be. Endometriosis is the leading cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in. Transvaginal ultrasonography should be performed if secondary dysmenorrhea is suspected 10,15 figure 2.
Primary dysmenorrhea occurs without an associated underlying condition, while secondary dysmenorrhea has a specific underlying cause, typically a condition that affects the uterus or other reproductive organs. Yusoff dawood, md primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual cramps without any evident pathology to account for them, and it occurs in up to 50% of menstruating females and causes significant disruption in quality of life and absenteeism. The symptoms of secondary dysmenorrhea often start sooner in the menstrual cycle than those of primary dysmenorrhea, and usually last longer. Endometriosis a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus the endometrium is found outside of the uterus. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of shortterm school absenteeism. Dysmenorrhea is a medical term to describe period cramps and pain, and secondary means that this is pain caused by some other disorder and not just a normal period. Published by the national womens health resource center. Diagnosing dysmenorrhea questions to ask dysmenorrhea basics if you have severe dysmenorrhea, your health care professional will work to determine whether there is something structural thats causing the pain, such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis. It is more likely to occur years after onset of menstruation. Describe a menstrual history that is most consistent with primary dysmenorrhea. Once files have been uploaded to our system, change the order of your pdf documents. Secondary dysmenorrhea is associated with another diagnosis e. Dysmenorrhea causes, symptoms, treatment, diagnosis. Dec 17, 2016 dysmenorrhea, also known as dysmenorrhoea, painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation.
Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Resource center policy and position statements supported documents physician faqs. It is usually sharp but may be cramping, throbbing, or a dull, constant ache. How to treat secondary dysmenorrhea with pictures wikihow. Secondary dysmenorrhea or secondary menstrual cramps must be promptly identified, and most especially must not be erroneously treated by home selfcare as primary cramps. Dysmenorrhea gynecology and obstetrics merck manuals. On the basis of pathophysiology, dysmenorrhea is classified as primary dysmenorrhea menstrual pain without organic disease or secondary. Pdf dysmenorrhea is a common symptom secondary to various gynecological disorders, but it is also represented in most women as a. It can be caused by genital obstructions, pelvic inflammation or degeneration, abnormal uterine wall separation or development i. A case study and comprehensive differential diagnosis and care plan for the three ds of womens health. Symptoms of secondary dysmenorrhea include pulsating abdominal pain, cramps, lower back and leg pain, distended abdomen, and stool change.
Secondary dysmenorrhea noun the noun secondary dysmenorrhea has 1 sense. Secondary dysmenorrhea used as a noun is very rare. Secondary dysmenorrhea painful menstrual periods due to another condition icd10cm diagnosis code n94. Symptoms symptoms that may be present include abdominal pain, cramping, low back pain or pain radiating down the upper legs. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to common menstrual cramps, while secondary dysmenorrhea results from a disorder in the reproductive organs. Secondary dysmenorrhea is when you have menstrual cramps that are caused by an underlying condition, such as a reproductive disease, a structural abnormality, or an intrauterine birth control device. It is associated with a negative impact on social, academic, and sports activities of many female adolescents.
Adams hillard, md objectives after completing this article, readers should be able to. Gi upset, heartburn, nv, constipation, diarrhea, drowsiness, ha. Download a printfriendly pdf file of this article here. Other articles where secondary dysmenorrhea is discussed.
Once you merge pdfs, you can send them directly to your email or download the file to our computer and view. This discussion focuses on primary dysmenorrhea because treatment for secondary dysmenorrhea is determined by the underlying cause. In 5% to 15% of women with primary dysmenorrhea, the pain is severe enough to disturb their daily activities and may result in missed work or school. Women with endometriosis who present with secondary dysmenorrhea have physical findings about 40% of the time. Common causes of secondary dysmenorrhoea include endometriosis, fibroids myomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, pelvic inflammatory disease, and the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of secondary dysmenorrhea is available below. Secondary dysmenorrhea symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and.
This type of menstrual pain is often more severe and longer lasting than the cramps caused by your period alone. Sep 23, 2019 treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea involves correction of the underlying organic cause. Dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in the adolescent acog. Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for pain with menstruation. Secondary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstruation associated with pelvic abnormalities, which may be seen in about 10% of adolescents and young adults with dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of recurrent shortterm school absence in adolescent girls and a common problem in women of reproductive age. Dysmenorrhea, pain or painful cramps felt before or during menstruation. Endometriosis is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults. Pain in primary dysmenorrhea occurs during menses and lasts 23 days.
Periodic use of analgesic agents as adjunctive therapy may be beneficial. Specific measures medical or surgical may be required to treat pelvic pathologic conditions eg, endometriosis and to ameliorate the associated dysmenorrhea. There is no evidence of adenomyosis, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Menstrual pain that starts after an initial period of painfree menses is usually associated with genital disease and is called secondary dysmenorrhea or secondary menstrual pain. The pain is defined as primary if it cannot be ascribed to any other cause. Pain may occur with menses or precede menses by 1 to 3 days. Dysmenorrhea many women experience pain and cramps that occur with menstruation. Department of obstetrics and gynecology, university of illinois chicago ill.
Click add files and select the files you want to include in your pdf. Secondary dysmenorrhea denotes menstrual cramps caused by some other. Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea involves correction of the underlying organic cause. Secondary dysmenorrhea results from a specific disease or disorder. Dysmenorrhea may develop as a result of psychological shock associated with the onset of the first menstruation in uninformed young girls, when there is a longunfulfilled desire to. Depending on the causes, dysmenorrhea can be primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhoea primary dysmenorrhoea is the term used for painful periods that have no known cause. Menstrual pain that starts after an initial period of painfree menses is usually associated with genital disease and is called.
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